Short Case Handles and Hinges Ltd Essay Example

Short Case: Handles and Hinges Ltd Essay CHAPTER 17 Quality planning and control Short case: Handles and Hinges Ltd HH was established in Birmingham, England, by two young entrepreneurs, Dave Philips and Chris Agnew, both experienced in the hardware trade. The business specialized in the ‘designer’ market for polished metal (brass or stainless steel) door handles, cupboard knobs, furniture fittings (mostly used in shop/office furniture) and hinges. Their company was successful, was based on HH’s reputation for high-quality, unique designs of both traditional and modern products, many of which were selected and specified by architects for large and prestigious projects such as new office developments in London’s Docklands. Dave, the Chief Executive Officer, with responsibility for sales, believed that most orders from construction companies were placed with HH because they assumed they had no other choice once the HH products had been specified. Larger companies would sometimes suggest to the architect that similar products were available at less than half the price. This advice was invariably ignored as the architect would be attracted by HH’s designs and quality, and would be reluctant to risk ‘spoiling’ multi-million pound projects for the sake of saving a few thousand pounds. Dave outlines the characteristics of the changing marketplace: ‘During a recession in the construction industry, particularly in office building, we expanded our direct sales to large UK hardware retail companies, which now account for about 40 per cent of our sales value, but only about 15 per cent of our gross profit. This segment is much more price-sensitive, so we must be able to manufacture good-quality, simple, standard products at low costs comparable to those of our competitors. Some of the reduced costs have been achieved by using thinner and cheaper materials similar to those used in our competitors’ products. We have just received our first consignment of brass sheet from Poland with a saving of over 10 per cent in this case. We also had to reorganize to reduce our processing costs. We will write a custom essay sample on Short Case: Handles and Hinges Ltd specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Short Case: Handles and Hinges Ltd specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Short Case: Handles and Hinges Ltd specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Chris has done a great job of changing all production to modern batch methods. However, I am concerned that we are often late delivering to our UK retail customers, and this makes it difficult to keep good relationships and to get repeat orders. Fast delivery of relatively small quantities is required in the â€Å"retail segment†, whereas the construction/contractors market allows very long production lead times. Dependable delivery is crucial to avoid completion delays, for which we have been held financially accountable on some occasions! When customers complain about delivery or about faulty products, we try to compensate them in some way to keep their business – for example, by credit notes or discounts on the next order. Our representatives each spend about one day a week dealing with the consequences of late deliveries, but on the positive side, a meeting with a client is an opportunity to get the next order. The hardware retail companies often require very quick delivery, which is often only achieved by switching production to the item which is required first. Really, I am more concerned about reports of quality problems; an increasing number of construction companies have complained to us about dented or scratched handles, but our production department assures us that they left the factory in good condition and must have been damaged on site; which is to be expected on a large construction site. The Quality Control Manager says, however, he cannot give an absolute guarantee that they Chapter 17: Short case study 1 Copyright  © 2006 Pearson Education Limited Slack: Operations Management, 5th edition ere all OK, because we only do sampling of final production; if more than a few in a sample are found at final inspection to be sub-standard, the whole batch is rejected, reinspected, sorted and reworked. Using express courier transport and overtime in the factory, rework can usually be done in about a week, but invariably the contractors comp lain to the architect, perhaps because they dislike being told who to buy from. This can lead to lots of correspondence and meetings between HH, the contractor and the architect, when we could be doing other things. This problem seems to have got worse in the last two years; often it’s also difficult to agree if the product is sub-standard. It is frequently just a question of how shiny (or matt) the polish and lacquer finish is; at other times there are scratches in areas that really can’t been seen in use. Often the customers are too fussy, anyway. ’ Chris (the Manufacturing Director) put a different perspective on the problem. ‘The sales catalogue shows pictures of our products prepared for photography; special effects are used to give a bright polished finish but we actually use a matt finish. The samples used by Sales are specially made by experienced craftsmen to eliminate any scratching or minor faults; of course, we cannot always repeat that standard with the modern batch production methods. We were aware that the reorganization of production methods could lead to quality problems, so I introduced statistical control, a subject I studied extensively in a quantitative methods course at the local college. Our inspectors now take random samples of batches of components and measure important dimensions such as the diameter or length of brass handles, the thickness of the incoming materials, etc. Batches which fail are either rejected or reworked, and all material where we have identified any fault at all is returned to the supplier, and our buyers routinely threaten to place orders elsewhere. I instructed the supervisors to inspect press tooling just before the start of each production batch to ensure that there are no surface faults, so I think it is unlikely that the dents and blemishes are caused in production. I must make a point of checking that this is happening. Anyway, our final inspection sampling has been changed to give an acceptable quality level (AQL) of 2 per cent whereas until recently it was only 5 per cent. We have had to increase the number of final inspectors by four at a cost of ? 15 000 each per annum, but all the management team agrees that with quality products we must be confident of the final quality before packing. We trained some of our best assemblers in SPC and made them full-time inspectors; the combination of their technical and statistical skills ensures that we have the right people for this job. We could not rely on our operators to do any dimensional checks; hardly any of them know how to measure using a metric rule, let alone a micrometer or gauge. It is best to keep them concentrating on achieving correct output targets. I believe that most quality problems here must be caused by occasional operator carelessness. ‘The batch method of production has given us much more control over operations. No longer do we have to rely on hard-to-recruit craftsmen who did everything slowly and unpredictably. Now we make the most of economic batches at each stage, benefiting from the economies of scale of longer runs and cheaper unskilled labour. With incentive bonuses based on effective performance against agreed standard times, all our people are working faster to achieve the company’s goal of higher productivity. There is no doubt that our operations are now more productive than they’ve ever been. With high quality and low costs, we are now set for a major assault on the competition. We expect our profits to rise dramatically from the currently inadequate 1 per cent return on sales. ’ Chapter 17: Short case study 2 Copyright  © 2006 Pearson Education Limited Slack: Operations Management, 5th edition Questions 1. How does the company compete in its market place, and what is the role of ‘quality’ in its competitive strategy? 2. Do you think that the company’s use of statistical quality control is sensible? 3. Apply the gap model of quality diagnostics to the company. Chapter 17: Short case study 3 Copyright  © 2006 Pearson Education Limited

Assonance Definition and Examples

Assonance Definition and Examples Assonance is the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds in neighboring words (as in fish and chips and bad man). Adjective: assonant. Assonance is a method of achieving emphasis and cohesion in a short stretch of text. Assonance is closely associated with internal rhyme. However, assonance differs from rhyme in that rhyme usually involves both vowel and consonant sounds. EtymologyFrom the Latin, sound Examples of Assonance If I bleat when I speak its because I just got . . . fleeced.(Al Swearengen in Deadwood, 2004)A heart no bigger than an orange seed has ceased to beat.(James Salter, Am Strande von Tanger. Collected Stories. Pan Macmillan, 2013)It beats . . . as it sweeps . . . as it cleans!(advertising slogan for Hoover vacuum cleaners, 1950s)Those images that yetFresh images beget,That dolphin-torn, that gong-tormented sea.(W.B. Yeats, Byzantium)He was soon borne away by the waves, and lost in darkness and distance.(Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, 1818)He diagnosed Camillas difficulty as indigestion, and locked himself in his cabin.(William Gaddis, The Recognitions. Harcourt Brace Company, 1955)Soft language issued from their spitless lips as they swished in low circles round and round the field, winding hither and thither through the weeds, dragging their long tails amid the rattling canisters.(James Joyce, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 1916)The spider skins lie on their sides, translucent a nd ragged, their legs drying in knots.(Annie Dillard, Holy the Firm, 1977) Flash with a rash gimme my cash flickin my ashRunnin with my money, son, go out with a blast.(Busta Rhymes, Gimme Some More, 1998)The law may not change the heart, but it can restrain the heartless.(Martin Luther King, Jr., address to the National Press Club on July 19, 1962)But at supper that evening when I asked him to  pass the damn ham, please, Uncle Jack pointed at me. See me afterwards, young lady, he said.(Harper Lee,  To Kill a Mockingbird, 1960)Do not go gentle into that good night,Old age should burn and rave at close of day;Rage, rage, against the dying of the light. . . .Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sightBlind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,Rage, rage against the dying of the light.(Dylan Thomas, Do not go gentle into that good night)The setting sun was licking the hard bright machine like some great invisible beast on its knees.(John Hawkes, Death, Sleep, and the Traveler, 1974)I must confess that in my quest I felt depressed and restless.(T hin Lizzy, With Love) I call her a ghastly girl because she was a ghastly girl. . . . A droopy, soupy, sentimental exhibit, with melting eyes and a cooing voice and the most extraordinary views on such things as stars and rabbits.(P.G. Wodehouse, The Code of the Woosters, 1938)In the over-mastering loneliness of that moment, his whole life seemed to him nothing but vanity.(Robert Penn Warren, Night Rider, 1939)A lanky, six-foot, pale boy with an active Adams apple, ogling Lo and her orange-brown bare midriff, which I kissed five minutes later, Jack.(Vladimir Nabokov, Lolita, 1955)Strips of tinfoil winking like people(Sylvia Plath, The Bee Meeting)The moon, like a flowerIn heavens high bower,With silent delight,Sits and smiles on the night.(William Blake, Night. Songs of Innocence, 1789) Observations Assonance, (or medial rime) is the agreement in the vowel sounds of two or more words, when the consonant sounds preceding and following these vowels do not agree. Thus, strike and grind, hat and man, rime with each other according to the laws of assonance.(J.W. Bright, Elements of English Versification, 1910)Beware of excessive assonance. Any assonance that draws attention to itself is excessive.(John Earle, A Simple Grammar of English, 1898)The terms alliteration, assonance, and rhyme identify kinds of recurring sound that in practice are often freely mixed together. . . . It may not be easy or useful to decide where one stops and another starts.(Tom McArthur, The Oxford Companion to the English Language, 1992)Rhyme, alliteration, assonance, and consonance combined often produce tongue-twisting linguistics. Big Punishers Twinz includes this couplet . . .: Dead in the middle of little Italy / Little did we know that we riddled a middle man who didnt know diddly. . . . Keying in on a single sound, he runs a staggering series of rhyme variations (middle, little, riddled, middle, diddly), which he further builds upon with consonance (d) and assonance (i) and alliteration (d and l). This is what happens when a poet is in complete control of his rhymes.(Adam Bradley, Book of Rhymes: The Poetics of Hip Hop. BasicCivitas, 2009) Pronunciation: ASS-a-nins Also Known As: medial rhyme (or rime), inexact rhyme

TEM, SEM, EDS in Electron Microscopy Coursework - 1

TEM, SEM, EDS in Electron Microscopy - Coursework Example A selected area aperture is inserted into the back focal plane of the objective lens to select the required beam. When the direct beam is selected, a bright field image is formed, and when the diffracted beam is selected, a dark field image is formed. Bright field image The given micrograph shows a bright field image of a MgO crystal. The crystal specimen appears dark with a bright background. The background appears bright because only the direct beam of transmitted electrons is selected and let to pass through the aperture. The surface topology and the raised texture on top of the crystal are clearly observable. This kind of image is obtained by placing the objective diaphragm or the selected area aperture in the back focal plane of the objective lens. The aperture allows an only direct beam to pass through while blocking the diffracted beam. The direct beam appears as a bright central spot. The aperture also maintains the collection angle. As seen in the ray diagram below, the obje ctive aperture blocks the diffracted beam, allowing only the transmitted beam to reach the image plane. Darkfield image The given micrograph shows a dark field image of a MgO crystal. The crystal specimen appears lighter than the background. The background is dark. The edges of the crystal are highly pronounced. ...In case of the dark field imaging, also called as the central dark field operation, the selected area aperture is not shifted, but the incident beam is tilted to allow the scattered electrons in the diffracted beam to pass through the objective aperture. A collective ray diagram for both bright field and dark field imaging is given below: Selected Area Diffraction Pattern The given micrograph shows the selected area diffraction pattern of a MgO crystal. The lattice structure of the crystal is easily decipherable from the given SAED pattern. Diffraction from a single crystal in a polycrystalline sample can be captured if the aperture is small enough and the crystal is larg e enough. To obtain such a pattern, the selected area aperture is placed in the image plane of the objective lens and used to select only one part of the image. Using projector lenses to focus on electron beams to obtain small spots on the object surface, the diffraction patterns can be obtained. Using this pattern, the lattice of crystals can be easily studied and it is also possible to determine the orientation relationships between grains or even different phases. 2. (a) From a lattice image obtained from a single crystal of BaZrO3 (Fig. 4) determine the magnification. Compare this with the magnification obtained using the scale bar.